Perseverative Cognition as a Mediator Between Personality Traits and Blood Pressure.

Purpose: Several authors link hypertension with psychological dispositions such as stress, personality, and anxiety, some propose that stress is not enough to explain arterial hypertension and others propose the perseverative cognition model to explain. The aim of this study was to relate personality traits and blood pressure profile of a group of workers, examining the results of perseverative cognition as a possible mediating variable concerning blood pressure. Patients and Methods: Cross-sectional design study, with a sample of 76 employees of a Colombian university. The NEO-FFI, RRS, and blood pressure measurement instruments were applied; data were reviewed through correlation and mediation analysis. Results: We found evidence of association between neuroticism and perseverative cognition (rho=0.42 with brooding; rho =0.32 with reflection), but no evidence about mediation of perseverative cognition between personality and blood pressure. Conclusion: It is necessary to keep researching the mechanisms related to the occurrence of hypertension.

Facial thermal and blood perfusion patterns of human emotions: Proof-of-Concept.

In this work, a preliminary study of proof-of-concept was conducted to evaluate the performance of the thermographic and blood perfusion data when emotions of positive and negative valence are applied, where the blood perfusion data are obtained from the thermographic data. The images were obtained for baseline, positive, and negative valence according to the protocol of the Geneva Affective Picture Database. Absolute and percentage differences of average values of the data between the valences and the baseline were calculated for different regions of interest (forehead, periorbital eyes, cheeks, nose and upper lips). For negative valence, a decrease in temperature and blood perfusion was observed in the regions of interest, and the effect was greater on the left side than on the right side. In positive valence, the temperature and blood perfusion increased in some cases, showing a complex pattern. The temperature and perfusion of the nose was reduced for both valences, which is indicative of the arousal dimension. The blood perfusion images were found to be greater contrast; the percentage differences in the blood perfusion images are greater than those obtained in thermographic images. Moreover, the blood perfusion images, and vasomotor answer are consistent, therefore, they can be a better biomarker than thermographic analysis in identifying emotions.

Estudio exploratorio sobre la ansiedad por la salud en universitarios colombianos durante el confinamiento por la pandemia del COVID-19 en el segundo semestre del 2020

Introducción: La ansiedad por la salud es un estado psicológico caracterizado por cierto tipo de creencias, emociones y actitudes hacia la posibilidad de contraer una enfermedad. La ansiedad por la salud ha sido considerada un mediador de la respuesta psicológica ante la pandemia generada por el COVID-19. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de ansiedad por la salud de una muestra de estudiantes universitarios colombianos, discriminando y comparando en función de ciertas variables sociodemográficas, y describir sus principales características durante el confinamiento social en el segundo semestre del 2020. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, de nivel descriptivo y corte transversal en una muestra de 1004 estudiantes de pregrado de 3 instituciones de educación superior de la ciudad de Medellín. Se utilizó el Inventario Breve de Ansiedad por la Salud. Resultados: El valor de la media para la ansiedad por la salud estuvo por encima del valor reportado por otros estudios. Se encontraron altos porcentajes de preocupación por la salud (39,64 %), consciencia del malestar/dolor (63,3 %), miedo de tener una enfermedad grave (20,01 %), interés por las sensaciones o cambios corporales (68,92 %), riesgo de padecer una enfermedad grave (30,33 %) y consecuencias sobre la vida (35,75 %). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en ninguna de las comparaciones entre grupos. Conclusiones: La preocupación por la salud y la ansiedad durante las epidemias/pandemias pueden tener un impacto psicológico importante, además de estar relacionadas con un comportamiento preventivo ineficaz y tener consecuencias adversas en el largo plazo.

Introduction: Health anxiety is a psychological state characterized by certain types of beliefs, emotions, and attitudes toward the possibility of contracting a disease. Health anxiety has been considered a mediator of the psychological response to the pandemic generated by COVID-19. Objectives: To determine the level of health anxiety in a sample of Colombian university students, discriminating and comparing according to certain sociodemographic variables, and to describe the main during social confinement between August and November 2020. Methodology: A quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 1004 undergraduate students from three higher education institutions in the city of Medellin. The Short Health Anxiety Inventory - SHAI was used. Results: The mean value for health anxiety was above the value reported by other studies. High percentages of health concern (39.64 %), awareness of discomfort/pain (63.3 %), fear of having a serious illness (20.01 %), interest in bodily sensations or changes (68.92 %), risk of having a serious illness (30.33 %) and consequences on life (35.75 %) were found. No statistically significant differences were found in any of the comparisons between groups. Conclusions: Health concerns and anxiety during with epidemics/pandemics can have a significant psychological impact, as well as being related to ineffective preventive behavior and having adverse long-term consequences.

Sintomatología de depresión y ansiedad en estudiantes universitarios colombianos durante la pandemia covid-19

La sintomatologia de depresión y ansiedad, aunque varía en prevalencia e intensidad, se ha reportado en casi todos los estudios sobre afectaciones psicológicas en estudiantes universitarios durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Objetivo: Evaluar los niveles de depresión y ansiedad en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios, identificar los principales síntomas afectivos, fisiológicos, cognitivos y somáticos, y analizar los resultados en función de algunas variables sociodemográficas de interés. Material y Método: Se desarrolló una investigación no experimental, con enfoque cuantitativo, de nivel descriptivo y corte transversal en la que se incluyeron 1.004 estudiantes universitarios (77% mujeres) matriculados en tres Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) (dos privadas y una pública) en Medellín. Para la recolección de información se utilizaron la Escala de Autoevaluación de la Depresión de Zung y la Escala de Ansiedad Autocalificada de Zung. Resultados: El 47,7% de la muestra presentó sintomatología depresiva, pero solo el 26,1% manifestó sintomatología de ansiedad. Hubo diferencias en la ansiedad y la depresión en cuanto al sexo y otras variables sociodemográficas. El análisis de frecuencias de respuestas a los ítems de los instrumentos permitió conocer cuáles son los síntomas de depresión y ansiedad más frecuentes en los participantes. Conclusiones: Las modificaciones sociales y educativas generadas por la pandemia han impactado más a las mujeres jóvenes con edades entre los 16 y los 25 años, quienes han presentado dificultad para realizar actividades que previamente hacían, dificultad para pensar o concentrarse, anhedonia, pérdida del deseo sexual, sensación de inutilidad, insatisfacción con la propia vida e irritabilidad, entre otros síntomas.

Symptomatology of depression and anxiety, although varying in prevalence and intensity, has been reported in almost all studies on psychological affectations among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To evaluate the levels of depression and anxiety in a sample consisting of university students, to identify the main affective, physiological, cognitive and somatic symptoms, and to analyze the results in terms of some sociodemographic variables of interest. Material and Method: A non-experimental, quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional research was carried out with 1004 university students (77% female) enrolled in three higher education institutions (two private and one public) in Medellin, Colombia. The Zung Depression Self-Assessment Scale and the Zung Self-Rated Anxiety Scale were used for data collection. Results: 47.7% of the sample presented depressive symptomatology, but only 26.1% manifested anxiety symptomatology. There were differences in anxiety and depression in terms of sex and other sociodemographic variables. The analysis of frequencies of responses to the instruments' items show which are the most frequent symptoms of depression and anxiety among the participants. Conclusions: The social and educational changes caused by the pandemic have had a greater impact on young women aged between 16 and 25 years, who have presented difficulty in performing activities they previously did, difficulty in thinking or concentrating, anhedonia, loss of sexual desire, feeling of uselessness, dissatisfaction with their own lives, and irritability, among other symptoms.

A sintomatologia da depressão e da ansiedade, embora variando em prevalência e intensidade, tem sido relatada em quase todos os estudos sobre afetações psicológicas em estudantes universitários durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Objetivo: Avaliar os níveis de depressão e ansiedade em uma amostra de estudantes universitários, identificar os principais sintomas afetivos, fisiológicos, cognitivos e somáticos, e analisar os resultados de acordo com algumas variáveis sociodemográficas de interesse. Material e Método: Foi realizada uma pesquisa não experimental, com uma abordagem quantitativa, nível descritivo e corte transversal na qual participaram 1004 estudantes universitários (77% mulheres) matriculados em três instituições de ensino superior (duas privadas e uma pública) em Medellín, Colômbia. A Escala de Auto-Avaliação de Depressão Zung e a Escala de Auto-Avaliação de Ansiedade Zung foram usadas para a coleta de dados. Resultados: 47,7% da amostra apresentou sintomas depressivos, mas apenas 26,1% manifestaram sintomas de ansiedade. Houve diferenças na ansiedade e depressão em termos de sexo e outras variáveis sociodemográficas. A análise da freqüéncia das respostas aos itens dos instrumentos permitiu saber quais são os sintomas mais freqüentes de depressão e ansiedade entre os participantes. Conclusões: As mudanças sociais e educacionais geradas pela pandemia tiveram um impacto maior nas mulheres jovens entre 16 e 25 anos de idade, que apresentaram dificuldade em realizar atividades que antes realizavam, dificuldade em pensar ou se concentrar, anedonia, perda do desejo sexual, sensação de inutilidade, insatisfação com sua própria vida, irritabilidade, entre outros sintomas.

Ichthyosis: case report in a Colombian man with genetic alterations in ABCA12 and HRNR genes.

BACKGROUND: Ichthyosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases caused by genetic disorders related to skin formation. They are characterized by generalized dry skin, scaling, hyperkeratosis and frequently associated with erythroderma. Among its different types, harlequin ichthyosis (HI) stands out due to its severity. HI is caused by mutations in the ABCA12 gene, which encodes essential proteins in epidermal lipid transport, and it helps maintain the homeostasis of the stratum corneum of the epidermis. However, due to the wide spectrum of genetic alterations that can cause ichthyosis, holistic medical care, and genetic studies are required to improve the diagnosis and outcomes of these diseases. CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we presented the case of a 19 years old male patient who was a premature infant and exhibited clinical features consistent with HI, including bright yellow hyperkeratotic plates with erythematous fissures that covered his entire body like a collodion baby. Currently, he exhibited erythroderma, photosensitivity, ectropion, auricular pavilion alterations, and musculoskeletal disorders, such as equinovarus feet, fingers, hands, and hypoplastic feet with contractures in flexion and marked difficulty in fine motor skills. In addition, he presented dyschromatopsia, Achilles reflex hyporeflexia, slight speech, dental alteration and deficient cognitive performance. After the genetic sequencing, variants were found in ABCA12 and HRNR which are related to several skin diseases, including ichthyosis. CONCLUSIONS: Although in clinical practice, ichthyosis is a common entity, a severe type of ichthyosis is presented, highlighting the importance of appropriate genetic diagnosis, given the broad spectrum of genetic alterations with similar phenotypic and clinical characteristics. These pathologies must be known to guarantee initial support measures to prevent complications and offer multidisciplinary management to those patients.

Calidad de las historias clínicas de los practicantes de un consultorio psicológico de una universidad colombiana / Quality of the clinical notes of internship students in a psychology clinic of a Colombian university

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las prácticas académicas en los programas de psicología en Colombia constituyen una parte fundamental del currículo. Los consultorios psicológicos universitarios son un escenario en el cual se desarrolla esta actividad en el campo de la psicología clínica, por lo que se hace necesario revisar la información que se recauda allí, con vistas a supervisar la calidad de dichas prácticas. MÉTODO: Estudio exploratorio retrospectivo en el cual se analizaron los motivos de consulta, los diagnósticos, las estrategias de evaluación e intervención, las metas terapéuticas y los datos sociodemográficos de 708 historias clínicas diligenciadas entre 1999 y 2012 por estudiantes de últimos semestres en periodo de prácticas en una universidad colombiana. RESULTADOS: Se encontró que los diagnósticos están referidos en su mayoría a estresores psicosociales, más que a psicopatologías, y tanto las herramientas de diagnóstico como las estrategias de intervención no son coherentes con el diagnóstico registrado en la historia clínica. CONCLUSIONES: Es evidente la necesidad de fortalecer la formación básica en psicología clínica, en cuanto a sus métodos y alcances, de forma que se brinde una atención a los usuarios que tenga bases científicas, así como establecer protocolos de control para la supervisión de estudiantes en prácticas clínicas en la formación de pregrado

INTRODUCTION: Academic internships in psychology programs in Colombia are a fundamental part of the curriculum. University Psychological Services are a scenario in which this activity is developed in the field of clinical psychology, making it necessary to review the information collected there in order to monitor the quality of such practices. METHOD: A retrospective exploratory study in which the reasons for consultation, diagnoses, strategies of evaluation and intervention, therapeutic goals and sociodemographic data of 708 medical records were analysed, between 1999 and 2012, by students in the final semesters of the internship period in a Colombian university. RESULTS: It was found that the diagnoses mostly referred to psychosocial stressors rather than psychopathologies. The diagnostic tools and intervention strategies are not consistent with the diagnosis recorded in the clinical notes. CONCLUSIONS: The need to strengthen basic training in clinical psychology is evident, in terms of its methods and scope, in order to provide users with a scientific basis, as well as to establish control protocols for the supervision of students in Clinical internships in undergraduate training

Neuroanatomic Correlates of Anomia: A Scoping Review / Correlatos neuroanatómicos de la anomia: révisions de tema

Abstract Anomia is the inability to access the lexicon of names, it is one of the most common symptoms of aphasia, but it often appears as a symptom of other disorders and diseases such as Alzheimer's. There are several studies on the anatomical bases of anomie, but they are not conclusive. The objective of this study is to identify, compile and analyze investigations that relate neuroanatomical areas with anomie. We conducted a scoping review and we selected ten articles from scientific databases (EBSCOhost and Science Direct) published during the period 2009 - 2016. It was found that there are different areas related to the denomination processes according to the phase of presentation of the anomie: before and after an intervention. 1n the previous moment there are the temporary and frontal gyrus in the left hemisphere, while after intervention they find activation in the temporal gyrus, precuneus, supramarginal gyrus of the right hemisphere.

Resumen La anomia es la incapacidad para acceder al léxico de nombres, es uno de los síntomas más comunes de las afasias, pero muchas veces se presenta como síntoma de otros trastornos y enfermedades como el Alzheimer. Existen diversos estudios sobre las bases anatómicas de la anomia, pero no son concluyentes. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar, compilar y analizar investigaciones que relacionen las áreas neuroanatómicas con la anomia. Realizamos un estudio de revisión focalizada (scoping review) y seleccionados diez artículos de bases de datos científicas (EBSCOhost y Science Direct) publicados durante el periodo 2009-2016. Se encontró que hay diferentes áreas relacionadas a los procesos de denominación de acuerdo a la fase de presentación de la anomia: antes y después de una intervención. En el momento previo se encuentran los giros temporales y frontales en el hemisferio izquierdo, mientras que después de una intervención se encuentra activación de los giros temporales, el precuneus, y el giro supramarginal en el hemisferio derecho.

Perception of risk as a mediator between personality and perception of health: test of a model.

BACKGROUND: This research article addresses the relationships among personality, risk perception, and health perception. The personality construct has been one of the main topics of research in psychology throughout history and is understood as the set of traits or cognitive, affective and behavioral characteristics that an individual possesses. Important relationships have been found that show the impact of personality on people's health as well as the impact of health conditions on the configuration of personality. This research investigates the perception of risk as a mediating trait between personality and perception of health. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To achieve this, a cross-sectional study was conducted in which 398 Colombians from all regions of the country were evaluated. The NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and Health Risk Perception Test (HRPT) tests were used. RESULTS: The data were analyzed with multiple regression and path analysis. The findings using multiple regression show that neuroticism and the personal meaning of risk affect the perception of health; however, using path analysis, model fit with the proposed model was not achieved with no mediator effect of perception of risk. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to focus on relationships between neuroticism and perception of health in future research.

Revisión sistemática del inventario multifásico de personalidad de Minnesota-mmpi / Systematic review of the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory - mmpi

El presente artículo busca establecer la vigencia y aplicabilidad del Inventario Multifásico de Personalidad de Minnesota. Para dicho efecto se realizó un estudio de revisión sistemática en donde se encontraron 452 artículos que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión de la investigación en el periodo 2000-2010, no obstante se determinó tomar una muestra proporcional del 10% por cada uno de los años encontrados, quedando en total 46 artículos. Se encuentra un uso constante del instrumento, en donde existen múltiples investigaciones en diversas áreas. La prueba obtiene buenas propiedades psicométricas, además de estar avalada por varias revisiones sistemáticas. Se discute el uso dado a la prueba, en donde se obtiene evidencia amplia de su utilidad, así como también se discute que los análisis del instrumento sean en muchas investigaciones mediante clústeres.

This paper seeks to establish the validity and enforceability of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. To this end, a systematic literature review was performed. 452 papers that met the inclusion criteria of research in 2000-2010 were found. However we determined to use a proportional sample of 10% for each years, leaving a total of 46 articles. We found a constant use of the instrument, with research being done in various areas. The test has good psychometric properties, in addition to being endorsed by several other systematic reviews. We discuss the use made of the evidence, and we find that the instrument has broad utility, and also discuss the analysis of the instrument in many studies through clustering.

Revisión sistemática del Inventario de Personalidad neo (neo-pi) / Systematic review of neo Personality Inventory (neo-pi)

Los objetivos del artículo fueron describir la prevalencia de identidad El presente artículo busca establecer la vigencia y aplicabilidad del Inventario de Personalidad NEO (NEO-PI). Para dicho efecto se realizó un estudio de revisión sistemática en donde se encontraron veintiún artículos que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión de la investigación en el periodo 2000-2010. Se encontró un uso constante del instrumento tanto para investigar rasgos de personalidad en diferentes poblaciones, como las propiedades psicométricas de la prueba. Se discute el uso dado a la prueba y sus diversos factores, además, se recomienda ampliar el periodo de tiempo de inclusión de los artículos.

This paper seeks to establish the applicability of the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI). To this end, a systematic literature review which found 21 articles that met the inclusion criteria of research in 2000-2010. Is a constant use of the instrument, where there is strong evidence of its use, both to investigate personality traits in different populations such as the psychometric properties of the test. It discusses the use made of the evidence and its various factors, it is also recommended to extend the period of time for inclusion of articles.

Síndrome de carga del cuidador / Caregiver Burden Syndrome

Introducción: el malestar físico y psicológico que pueden experimentar los cuidadores de pacientes con algún daño cerebral está estrechamente ligado con su rol. Los estudios realizados en países diferentes a Colombia evidencian que son una población altamente vulnerable, con pobres estrategias de afrontamiento que favorezcan su proceso adaptativo. Objetivo: hacer hincapié en que el concepto del síndrome de carga del cuidador (SCC) carece de discusión acerca de su validez y utilidad, por lo que existen grandes defi ciencias teóricas y metodológicas para su manejo. Método: se hace una presentación tipo ensayo en la que es posible exponer los datos más signifi cativos acerca de algunos de los estudios realizados al respecto y de toda la información que ayude a explicar la etiología del síndrome, a diferenciarlo de otros tipos de trastornos, además de considerar las intervenciones más adecuadas y efi caces ante dicha problemática y las controversias que pueden delimitarse en torno al tema. Conclusión: la presentación de las diferentes variables como promotoras de la aparición del SCC demuestra, una vez más, la importancia de estudiar los factores relacionados con la sobrecarga y las diferencias entre los cuidadores, a la hora de defi nir las causas que lo expliquen.

Introduction: Physical and psychological discomfort experimented by caregivers of patients with some degree of brain damage is closely related to their role. Studies from countries other than Colombia show a highly vulnerable population, with poor coping strategies. Objective: To stress the fact that the concept of caregiver burden syndrome (CBS) has not been discussed as to its validity and usefulness. In consequence, there are a great many theoretical and methodological differences regarding its management. Method: An essay-type presentation is made, describing the more signifi cant data arising from studies done on the subject looking for information that can help explain the etiology of the syndrome, differentiating it from other syndromes. The most appropriate and effi cacious interventions are also considered, and controversy surrounding the subject is discussed as well. Conclusion: The difference in variables contributing to the appearance of the CBS establish, once more, that when trying to explain its causes factors related to the burden and the differences between caregivers must be taken into account.